Urine analysis is a collection of physical, chemical, and microscopic tests. These tests are used to detect or measure numerous substances present in the urine, such as byproducts of ordinary and peculiar metabolism, cells, cellular fragments, and micro organism (bacteria).
Urine is generated by the kidneys to filter wastes from the blood, also aids to control the quantity of water in the body, and stores proteins, electrolytes, and other compounds where the body can use again.
Anything that is not required by the body is removed through urine, urine passes from kidneys via ureters to the bladder and then through urethra and out of the body. Numerous disorders can be diagnosed in their early stages by recognizing substances present in the urine which are not normal.
Some examples of such abnormal substances are protein, glucose, bilirubin, red blood cells, white blood cells, crystals, and bacteria. They may be present in the urine due to the below reasons: